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+--- Thread: A Long History (Annotated) (/thread-3202.html)
A Long History (Annotated) - LKTraz - 07-19-2012
This is a timeline of history with geological, anthropological and mean atmospheric information for each significant era.
Yeah yeah........boring science for eggheads and college students....right?
Well, I've added some annotations where pertinent to arguments going on today.
Slog through and find them......if you're up to it.
Link to the original chart without my smartassed comments:
Original timeline of earth
***********************************************************
mya = million years ago
Hadean Eon (4567 to 3800 mya)
The moon was formed from the collision of the Earth with a planetoid. - 4567 mya: Formation of the Solar System
Sun was only 70% as bright as today.
- 4500 mya: Formation of the Earth.
- 4450 mya: The Moon accretes from fragments
of a collision between the Earth and a planetoid;
Moon's orbit is beyond 64,000 km from the Earth.[33]
Earth day is 7 hours long[34]
- Earth's original hydrogen and helium atmosphere
escapes Earth's gravity.
- 4455 mya: Tidal locking causes one side
of the Moon to face the Earth permanently.
- 3900 mya: Cataclysmic meteorite bombardment.
The Moon is 282,000 km from Earth.
Earth day is 14.4 hours long
- Earth's atmosphere becomes mostly
carbon dioxide, water vapor,
methane, and ammonia.
- Formation of carbonate minerals starts
reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide.
- There is no geologic record for the Hadean Eon.
Archean Eon (3800 to 2500 mya)
The Earth was very hot during the Archean Eon - 3800 mya: Surface of the Earth changed from molten to solid rock.
Al Gore starts panicking about "climate change"
- Water started condensing in liquid form.
- Earth day is 15 hours long
- 3500 mya: Monocellular life started (Prokaryotes).
First known oxygen-producing bacteria:
Cyanobacteria are aquatic photosynthetic organisms.
cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) form stromatolites
- 3000 mya: Atmosphere has 75% nitrogen,
15% carbon dioxide.
- Sun brightens to 80% of current level.
- Oldest record of Earth's magnetic field.
***********************************************************
Proterozoic Eon (2500 to 542 mya)
Paleoproterozoic Era (2500 to 1600 mya)
Siderian Period (2500 to 2300 mya)
- Stable continents first appeared.
- 2500 mya: First free oxygen is found
in the oceans and atmosphere.
Banded Iron Formation from Hamersley, Australia - 2400 mya: Great Oxidation Event,
also called the Oxygen Catastrophe.
Oxidation precipitates dissolved iron
creating banded iron formations.[14]
Anaerobic organisms are poisoned by oxygen.
- 2400 mya: Start of Huronian ice age
Rhyacian Period (2300 to 2050 mya)
- 2200 mya: Organisms with mitochondria
capable of aerobic respiration appear.
- 2100 mya: End of Huronian ice age
Orosirian Period (2050 to 1800 mya)
- Intensive orogeny (mountain development)
- 2023 mya: * Meteor impact, 300 km crater
Vredefort, South Africa
- 2000 mya: Solar luminosity is 85% of current level.
- Oxygen starts accumulating in the atmosphere
- 1850 mya: * Meteor impact, 250 km crater
Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
Statherian Period (1800 to 1600 mya)
- Complex single-celled life appeared.
- Abundant bacteria and archaeans.
Mesoproterozoic Era (1600 to 1000 mya)
Calymmian Period (1600 to 1400 mya)
Tanarium conoideum was a Precambrian micro-eukaryote. - Photosynthetic organisms proliferate.
- Oxygen builds up in the atmosphere above 10%.
- Formation of ozone layer starts blocking
ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
- 1500 mya: Eukaryotic (nucleated) cells appear.
Ectasian Period (1400 to 1200 mya)
- Green (Chlorobionta) and red (Rhodophyta) algae abound.
Stenian Period (1200 to 1000 mya)
- 1200 mya: Spore/gamete formation indicates
origin of sexual reproduction.
- 1100 mya: Formation of the supercontinent Rodinia
Rodinia
Neoproterozoic Era (1000 to 542 mya)
Tonian Period (1000 to 850 mya)
- 1000 mya: Multicellular organisms appear.
- 950 mya: Start of Stuartian-Varangian ice age
- 900 mya: Earth day is 18 hours long.
The Moon is 350,000 km from Earth.
Cryogenian Period (850 to 630 mya)
Pannotia
- 750 mya: Breakup of Rodinia and
formation of the supercontinent Pannotia
- 750 mya: End of last magnetic reversal
- 650 mya: * Mass extinction of 70% of dominant sea plants
due to global glaciation ("Snowball Earth" hypothesis).
Need to sell more Priusus!
The Moon is 357,000 km from Earth.
Tribrachidium was an early Ediacaran organism with tri-radial symmetry. Ediacaran (Vendian) Period (630 to 542 mya)
- 600 mya: Earth day is 20.7 hours long.[35]
- 590 mya: * Meteor impact, 90 km crater
Acraman, South Australia
- 580 mya: Soft-bodied organisms developed:
Jellyfish, Tribrachidium, and DickinsoniaDickinsonia is representative of Ediacaran biota appeared.
- 570 mya: End of Stuartian-Varangian ice age
- 550 mya: Pannotia fragmented into Laurasia and Gondwana
Laurasia and Gondwana
***********************************************************
Phanerozoic Eon
(542 mya to present)
Paleozoic Era (542 to 251 mya)
Cambrian Period (542 to 488.3 mya)
- Abundance of multicellular life.
- Most of the major groups of animals first appear
Tommotian Stage (534 to 530 mya)
- Animals with shells appeared
Solar brightness was 6% less than today.
Ordovician Period (488.3 to 443.7 mya)
Trilobites are extinct arthropods that appeared in the Early Cambrian period. - diverse marine invertebrates, such as trilobites,
became common
- First vertebrates appear in the ocean.
- First green plants and fungi on land.
- Fall in atmospheric carbon dioxide.
- 450 mya: Start of Andean-Saharan ice age.
- 443 mya: Glaciation of Gondwana.
* Mass extinction of many marine invertebrates.
Second largest mass extinction event.
49% of genera of fauna disappeared.
Silurian Period (443.7 to 416 mya)
Dartmuthia was a primitive jawless fish that lived in the Silurian Period. - 420 mya: End of Andean-Saharan ice age.
- Stabilization of the earth's climate
- Coral reefs appeared
- First fish with jaws - sharks
- Insects (spiders, centipedes), and plants appear on land
Devonian Period (416 to 359.2 mya)
Ferns originated in the Middle or Late Devonian period - Ferns and seed-bearing plants (gymnosperms) appeared
- Formation of the first forests
- Earth day is ~21.8 hours long.
- Wingless insects appeared on land
- 375 mya: Vertebrates with legs, such as Tiktaalik appeared.
- Atmospheric oxygen level is about 16%
- First amphibians appear
Hynerpeton was a carnivorous tetrapod that lived in the lakes and estuaries of the Late Devonian Period 360 million years ago. - 374 mya: * Mass extinction of 70% of marine species.
This was a prolonged series of extinctions
occurring over 20 million years.
Evidence of anoxia in oceanic bottom waters,
and global cooling. Surface temperatures dropped
from about 93°F (34°C) to about 78°F (26°C)
The Hynerpetons should have taken the high speed rail line to travel.
- 359 mya: * Meteor impact, 40 km crater
Woodleigh, Australia
Carboniferous Period (359.2 to 299 mya)
Mississippian Epoch (359.2 to 318.1 mya)
(Lower Carboniferous)
Meganeura was a giant insect of the Carboniferous period similar to the present-day dragonfly. Meganeura - 350 mya: Beginning of Karoo ice age.
- Large primitive trees develop
- Forests consist of ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and gymnosperms.
- Oxygen levels increase
- Vertebrates appear on land
- First winged insects.
- Seas covered parts of the continents
- Animals laying amniote eggs appear (318 mya)
Pennsylvanian Epoch (318.1 to 299 mya)
Arthropleura was a giant relative of centipedes and millipedes that lived during the Upper Carboniferous period. Arthropleura (Upper Carboniferous)
- 310 mya: First reptiles
- Atmospheric oxygen levels reach over 30%
- Earth day is ~22.4 hours long.
The Moon is 375,000 km from Earth.
- Giant arthropods populate the land
- Transgression and regression of the seas
caused by glaciation
- Deposits of coal form in Europe, Asia,
and North America
Giant arthropods rub 16 pairs hands greedily in preparation to reap huge profits from electrical generation
Permian Period (299 to 251 mya)
Cycads have a large crown of compound leaves and a stout trunk. Conifers became common during the Permian period - 275 mya: Formation of the supercontinent Pangea
Pangea
Edaphosaurus was one of the earliest plant-eating land vertebrates. - Conifers and cycads first appear
- Earth is cold and dry
- Sail-backed synapsids like
Edaphosaurus and Dimetrodon appeared
- 260 mya: End of Karoo ice age.
- 251 mya: * Mass extinction (Permian-Triassic)
- Possible 480km-wide meteor crater in the
Wilkes Land region of Antarctica
- Period of great volcanism in Siberia releases
large volume of gases (CO2, CH4, and H2S)
I dunno......everyone KNOWS and a scientific consensus agrees that CO2 can ONLY be generated by man and raising taxes is the only way to counter it
- Oxygen (O2) levels dropped from 30% to 12%
Carbon dioxide (CO2) level was about 2000 ppm
Earth's worst mass extinction eliminated
90% of ocean dwellers, and 70% of land
plants and animals.
Volcano Antarctica Wilkes Land crater
Mesozoic Era (251 to 65.5 mya)
Triassic Period (251 to 199.6 mya)
Breakup of Pangea
- Break-up of Pangaea starts
Erythrosuchus was a carnivorous reptile from the Late Triassic, before the time of Dinosaurs. - Survivors of P-T extinction spread and recolonize
- Reptiles populate the land.
- 240 mya: Sea urchins (Arkarua) appear
- 235 mya: Evolutionary split between dinosaurs and lizards
- Giant marine ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs populate the seas
- First small dinosaurs such as celophysis appear on land
Manicouagan crater in Canada Manicouagan crater - Adelobasileus proto-mammal emerged (225 mya)
- 214 mya: * Meteor impact, 100 km crater
Manicouagan, Quebec, Canada [9]
- 205 mya: First evidence of mammals: Morganucodon
- 201 mya: * Mass extinction caused by oceanic anoxic event
killed 20% of all marine families
Jurassic Period (199.6 to 145.5 mya)
Pterosaurs existed from the late Triassic to the end of the Cretaceous Period. Pterosaur - Earth is warm. There is no polar ice
Al Gore publishes drowning polar bear pictures
- Cycads, conifers and ginkgoes are the dominant plants
- Age of the dinosaurs
- Giant herbivores and vicious carnivores
dominate the land
Stegosaurus was a large, plant-eating dinosaur with triangular plates on its back and spikes on its tail that lived during the Jurassic Period. - Flying reptiles (Pterosaurs) appeared.
- 180 mya: North America separates from Africa
- 167 mya: * Meteor impact, 80 km crater
Puchezh-Katunki, Russia
- 166 mya: Evolutionary split of monotremes from primitive mammals
Archaeopteryx is the earliest and most primitive bird known. - 150 mya: First birds like Archaeopteryx appear
- 148 mya: Evolutionary split between
marsupial and eutherian mammals
- 145 mya: * Meteor impact, 70 km crater
Morokweng, South Africa
Cretaceous Period (145.5 to 65.5 mya)
- Period of Active Crust Plate Movements
- 133 mya: * Meteor impact, 55 km crater
Tookoonooka, Australia
- 125 mya: Africa and India separate from Antarctica
Archaeanthus was an early angiosperm with magnolia-like flowers from the western part of North America. - Global warming event starts (120 mya)
Carbon dioxide levels were 550 to 590 ppm
Raising taxes worked!
- Flowering plants (angiosperms) appeared
- 110 mya: Crocodiles appeared
- South America breaks away from Africa (105 mya)
Tyrannosaurus rex was a large, powerful carnivore from the Cretaceous Period. - Formation of the Atlantic Ocean
- Earth has no polar ice
- Modern mammals and birds developed
- 100 mya: Earth's magnetic field is
3 times stronger than today.
- 90 mya: Global warming event ends
Wait a minute...global warming LOWERED CO2?
- Interior sea separates North America
into Laramidia (west) and Appalachia (east)
- 70 mya: * Meteor impact, 65 km crater
Kara, Russia [9]
- 68 mya: Tyrannosaurus rex thrived
KT meteorite impact - 67 mya: Deccan Traps volcanic eruptions start in India
and produce great volume of lava and gases.
- 65.5 mya: * Meteor impact, 170 km crater
Chicxulub, Yucatan, Mexico
- * Mass extinction of 80-90% of marine species
and 85% of land species, including the dinosaurs.
OH.....it was AFTER T-Rex started driving SUVs!
***********************************************************
Cenozoic Era (65.5 mya to today)
Paleogene Period (65.5 to 23.03 mya)
Tertiary Period (65.5 to 2.58 mya)
Pangea breakup
Ptilodus was a mammal the size of a squirrel that lived during the Paleocene. Paleocene Epoch (65.5 to 55.8 mya)
- 63 mya: End of Deccan Traps volcanic eruptions in India
- Appearance of placental mammals
(marsupials, insectivores, lemuroids, creodonts)
- Flowering plants become widespread.
- 60 mya: Earliest known ungulate (hoofed mammal)
- Formation of the Rocky Mountains
- 55.8 mya: Major global warming episode
But but but.....where's the evil humans who are the only ones who could do this?
North Pole temperature averaged 23°C (73.4°F),
CO2 concentration was 2000 ppm.
Eocene Epoch (55.8 to 33.9 mya)
- 50 mya: India meets Asia forming the Himalayas
-45 mya: Australia separates from Antarctica
Earth day is 24 hours long.
The Moon is 378,000 km from Earth.[32]
- Modern mammals appear
rhinoceros, camels, early horses appear
- 35.6 mya: * Meteor impacts, 90 and 100 km craters
Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, USA, and
Popigai, Russia
- 34 mya: Global cooling creates
permanent Antarctic ice sheet
Pyrotherium was a South American ungulate that lived during the Early Oligocene.
Oligocene Epoch (33.9 to 23.03 mya)
- Appearance of many grasses
- First elephants with trunks
- 27.8 mya: La Garita, Colorado supervolcanic eruption
Neogene Period (23.03 mya to today)
Miocene Epoch (23.03 to 5.3 mya)
- African-Arabian plate joined to Asia
- 14 mya: Antarctica separates from Australia and South America
circum-polar ocean circulation builds up Antarctic ice cap.
- Warmer global climates
- First raccoons appear.
- Drying of continental interiors
- Forests give way to grasslands
- 6 mya: Upright walking (bipedal) hominins appear
Australopithecus afarensis was a bipedal hominid ancestor Australopithecus afarensis Pliocene Epoch (5.3 to 2.58 mya)
- 4.4 mya: Appearance of Ardipithecus, an early hominin genus.
- 4 mya: North and South America join at the Isthmus of Panama.
Animals and plants cross the new land bridge.
Ocean currents change in the newly isolated Atlantic Ocean.
- 3.9 mya: Appearance of Australopithecus, genus of hominids.
- 3.7 mya: Australopithecus hominids inhabit Eastern and Northern Africa.
Ok, here's those nasty humans...or at least proto-humans.
- 3 mya: Formation of Arctic ice cap.
Um.....ignore the forming ice cap. Really it could never happen while people are around.
- Accumulation of ice at the poles
- Climate became cooler and drier.
- Spread of grasslands and savannas
- Rise of long-legged grazing animals
Quaternary Period (2.58 mya to today)
Homo Habilis was the first species of the Homo genus to appear. Homo Habilis
Pleistocene Epoch (2.58 mya to 11,400 yrs ago)
- Several major episodes of global cooling, or glaciations
That can't be right. That truth is inconvenient!
- 2.4 mya: Homo habilis appeared
- 2.1 mya: Yellowstone supervolcanic eruption
- 2 mya: Tool-making humanoids emerge.
Beginning of the Stone Age.
- 1.7 mya: Homo erectus first moves out of Africa
- 1.3 mya: Yellowstone supervolcanic eruption
- 1.3 mya to 820,000 yrs ago: Sherwin Glaciation
- Presence of large land mammals and birds
- 700,000 yrs ago: Human and Neanderthal lineages start to diverge genetically.
- 680,000 to 620,000 yrs ago: Günz/Nebraskan glacial period
- 640,000 yrs ago: Yellowstone supervolcanic eruption
- 530,000 yrs ago: Development of speech in Homo Heidelbergensis[15]
- 455,000 to 300,000 yrs ago: Mindel/Kansan glacial period
- 400,000 yrs ago: Hominids hunt with wooden spears
and use stone cutting tools.
- 370,000 yrs ago: Human ancestors and Neanderthals
are fully separate populations.
Fire was used by hominids for at least one hundred thousand years before modern humans appeared. - 300,000 yrs ago: Hominids use controlled fires
- Neanderthal man spreads through Europe
230,000 yrs ago
- 200,000 to 130,000 yrs ago: Riss/Illinoian glacial period
- 160,000 yrs ago: Homo sapiens appeared.
Origin of human female lineage (Mitochondrial Eve)
- 125,000 yrs ago: Eemian stage or Riss/Würm interglacial period.
Hardwood forests grew above the Arctic Circle.
Melting ice sheets increased sea level by 6 meters (20 feet)
- 110,000 yrs ago: Start of Würm/Wisconsin glacial period
- 105,000 yrs ago: Stone age humans forage for grass seeds such as sorghum.
- 80,000 yrs ago: Non-African humans interbreed with Neanderthals
- 74,000 yrs ago: Toba volcanic eruption
releases large volume of sulfur dioxide
- Homo sapiens reduced to about 10,000 individuals.
- 70,000 yrs ago: Tahoe glacial maximum
glaciers cover Canada and northern US.
Cro-Magnon is one of the main types of Homo sapiens of the European Upper Paleolithic. - 60,000 yrs ago: Oldest male ancestor of modern human
- 46,000 yrs ago: Australia becomes arid,
bush fires destroy habitat, and megafauna die off.
- 40,000 yrs ago: Cro-Magnon man appeared in Europe.
- 28,000 yrs ago: Neanderthals disappear from fossil record.[29]
- 26,500 yrs ago: Taupo supervolcanic eruption
in New Zealand
- 22,000 yrs ago: Tioga glacial maximum
sea level was 130 meters lower than today
- 19,000 yrs ago: Antarctic sea ice starts melting.
- 15,000 yrs ago: Bering land bridge between Alaska and Siberia
Clovis point allows human migration to America
- 12,900 yrs ago: * Explosion of comet over Canada [23, 24, 25]
causes extinction of American megafauna such as the mammoth
and sabretooth cat (Smilodon), as well as the end of Clovis culture
- Fired pottery invented (12,000 yrs ago)
- 11,400 yrs ago: End of Würm/Wisconsin glacial period.
Sea level rises by 91 meters (300 ft)
Greenies stomp feet......"No no no, only big oil, industry and WalMart could make that happen!"
Holocene Epoch (11,400 years ago to today)
- Development of agriculture
- Domestication of animals.
- 9,000 yrs ago: Metal smelting started
- 5,500 yrs ago: Invention of the wheel
The Great Pyramid of Giza was built around 2560 B.C.
- 5,300 yrs ago: The Bronze Age
- 5,000 yrs ago: Development of writing
- 4,500 yrs ago: Pyramids of Giza
- 3,300 yrs ago: The Iron Age
- 2,230 yrs ago: Archimedes advances mathematics
- 250 yrs ago: Start of the Industrial Revolution
- 50 yrs ago: Space travel
Artificial satellite orbits the earth (1957).
Humans walk on the surface of the moon (1969).
"Greenies" ignore all of the above and rewrite it to suit their "causes"
RE: A Long History (Annotated) - twisteroo - 07-19-2012
I believe everything it says after the 1969 entry.
RE: A Long History (Annotated) - Twilla - 07-19-2012
I had no idea Gore was so old.
RE: A Long History (Annotated) - twisteroo - 07-19-2012
(07-19-2012, 06:46 PM)Twilla Wrote: I had no idea Gore was so old.What do you mean? I thought you, him, Fred, and Barney all went to the same school.
RE: A Long History (Annotated) - Twitchin Kitten - 07-19-2012
(07-19-2012, 06:55 PM)twisteroo Wrote:(07-19-2012, 06:46 PM)Twilla Wrote: I had no idea Gore was so old.What do you mean? I thought you, him, Fred, and Barney all went to the same school.
Sorry Twilla, that cracked me up.
RE: A Long History (Annotated) - Twilla - 07-19-2012
I am not amused.
RE: A Long History (Annotated) - LKTraz - 07-19-2012
Fight nice now kids!