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valentine75
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#11 Posted: Sun Apr 23rd, 2006 08:12 am |
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Landscape Format
Shooting whilst holding your camera in a horizontal position will create landscape- format photographs. Like the shape of a TV screen, Landscape-format images are best suited for recording groups of people. The landscape shape is a much more suitable format for images destined for web page use as they fit within the shape of computer monitor.
Light Meter
Most 35mm cameras are fitted with a built in light meter which is used to gauge the brightness range of the scene due to be photographed.
The light meter reacts to light levels by sending instructions to the camera to set the right aperture and shutter speed combination under an auto exposure function or provides a guide for the photographer to base a manual exposure setting on.
Most important to remember is light meters can’t sense individual colours only brightness
Last edited on Sat Apr 29th, 2006 09:40 am by
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valentine75
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#12 Posted: Sun Apr 23rd, 2006 08:20 am |
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Macro
Macro is the term used to describe close up photography. The lens itself determines how close you can focus and not all cameras are fitted with macro lenses as standard.
Many mid range zoom lenses offer an additional macro function, but much better results are gained by using specially designed macro lenses
When close focusing, effective depth of field shrinks to a matter of centimetres even when using narrow apertures like f/22.
Mega pixel
The term mega pixel is used as a measurement of the maximum bitmap size a digital camera can create. A bitmap image measuring 1800 x 1200 pixels contains 2.1 million pixels (1800 x 1200 = 2.1 million), the maximum capture size of a 2.1 mega pixel. The higher the mega pixel number the bigger and better quality print out you can make.
Mirror Lock up
A useful function on heavier medium format cameras and some higher spec 35mm cameras used to lock the viewing mirror in the ‘up’ position before an exposure is made.
On very long exposures heavy mirrors can cause minute vibrations, which in turn can create a slight loss of image sharpness.
Modelling light
Found on a studio flash unit, the flash unit is a separate tungsten light source designed to give a preview of the likely quality produced by the flash bulb.
The intensity of the modelling light has no bearing on the flash meter exposure reading.
Motorized Film Advance
On modern SLRs motorized film advance automatically winds the film into position for the next shot after each shot is taken.
Older mechanical cameras and most mechanical medium-format systems use a film advance lever to do the same task.
Motorized film advance and rewind can drain battery power quickly especially in colder weather conditions.
Motor Wind
A motor wind or high speed film advance allows you to shoot a sequence of frames in quick succession.
Professional SLRs usually have a built in motor wind which offers the chance to shoot in excess of three frames per second. Good for sports or action photography.
(Nikon F2 with Motorwind attachment)
Multigrade Filters
These are used in conjunction with variable contrast (VC) photographic paper to determine paper contrast. Filter packs are made to fit under the lens or within a special filter drawer inside the enlarger head and are graded 0-5.
At the zero end of the range, a low contrast print effect is created.
At the opposite end of the scale, grade five will make a high contrast print.
Normal contrast is achieved by using a grade two filter or no filter at all.
Last edited on Sat Apr 29th, 2006 09:39 am by
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valentine75
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#13 Posted: Thu Apr 27th, 2006 12:44 pm |
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Negative Film
All brands of photographic film end with the word Color are color negative materials. Agfacolor, Fujicolor and Kodacolor are all negative films and are developed in the standard C41 process.
Colour negatives are designed with an integral orange dye assist with later colour printing.
Newton’s Rings
When film is sandwiched between any glass or polyester surfaces, strange ring like shapes appear called Newton’s rings.
This causes problems in both glass enlarger carriers and scanner film holders as the mysterious shapes transfer to the print and scan. Newton’s rings can be minimized by cleaning the glass beforehand with an antistatic cloth.
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Noise
Similar to grain in conventional photographic film, digital noise occurs when shooting in low light conditions or when a CCD sensor is used at a high ISO setting.
When too little light falls onto a digital sensor, strange colour pixels are made in error.
Most often bright red or green, these are randomly arranged pixels called noise and are found in darker shadow areas of your photographs.
Noise can be reduced in most image editing packages by using a filter designed to merge them with surrounding pixels making them less noticeable.
Last edited on Sat Apr 29th, 2006 09:37 am by
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valentine75
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#14 Posted: Thu Apr 27th, 2006 06:15 pm |
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Pantone Colour
The Pantone colour library is an internationally established system for describing colour with pin number like codes.
Used in the lithographic printing industry for mixing colour by the weights of ink, pantone colour printing is used to mimic chemical tone effects in photographic printing.
Parallax
Parallax error occurs in cameras fitted with a view finder set close to one side or above the lens.
When used to close focus, what you see through the viewfinder will be different to the image captured by the lens.
Twin lens cameras commonly suffer from parallax error.
Pictographic printer
A modern colour printing system designed by Fuji™ offering photographic quality prints from digital files. Picto printers need only water to process special chemical impregnated paper. Compared to conventional labs using RA4 chemicals, picto printers are environmentally friendly and do not discharge spent chemicals into the drains
Pixel
Derived from the words PICture ELEment a pixel is the building block of a digital image like a single tile in a mosaic.
Pixels are generally square in shape and are arranged in a grid like matrix called a bitmap.
Polaroid back
Most good medium-format and all large format cameras can accept a specially designed film holder for using Polaroid proofing film.
For medium format cameras, film is supplied in a pod or pack, but for large format cameras Polaroid film is supplied in individual sheets.
All Polaroid backs need their rollers regularly cleaned to avoid expensive misfeeds.
Polaroid proofing film
Peel apart Polaroid proofing film is used by photographers to check their lighting before committing to film.
Known as proofing material, the Polaroid offers an instant way of checking that everything is working properly.
Polaroid produces a very different kind of image compared to colour transparency so cannot be used to gauge exposure or colour balance.
Portrait Format
By holding a 35mm camera upright, portrait format images are produced. Many magazines depend on portrait format images for eye catching layouts.
Most printed books and periodicals are designed in this shape.
Last edited on Sat Apr 29th, 2006 09:36 am by
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valentine75
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#15 Posted: Thu Apr 27th, 2006 06:31 pm |
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RA4
The latest standard processing cycle for developing colour prints.
RA4 is designed to allow rapid development and a quick washing cycle.
Most mini-labs use RA4 to process colour prints quickly.
Only RA4 compatible paper can be used within this process.
RAM
Random Access Memory is the computer component that holds image data during work in progress.
Computers with little RAM will process images slowly as data is written to the slower hard drive.
Extra RAM is easy to install and can drastically improve the performance of your PC.
Red Eye
Red eye is a familiar error caused when on camera flash is used to photograph people at close range. Especially when combined with low ambient light conditions.
Red eye occurs when flash bounces back off the retina and onto the film.
Most cameras have a red eye reduction mode which works by firing a tiny pre flash in order to close down your subject’s irises. Red eye never occurs when flash is bounced or used off camera.
Resolution
The term resolution is used to describe several overlapping concepts in digital imaging.
In general high-resolution images are designed for print out and have millions of pixels made from a pallet of millions of colours.
Low resolution images are only suitable for computer monitor display.
Low resolution images make poor quality print outs.
Last edited on Sat Apr 29th, 2006 09:35 am by
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